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Al Anbar Governorate
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Everything about Al Anbar Governorate totally explainedAl Anbar (; al-’Anbār or Anbar) is the largest province in Iraq geographically. Encompassing much of the country's western territory, it shares borders with Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. Al Anbar is overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim Arab. Its capital is Ar Ramadi.
The name of the province is from the Arabic انبار, ’Anbār, and means " granaries," in Arabic as this region was the primary entrepot on the western borders of Lakhmid Kingdom.
Before 1976 the province was known as Ramadi; before 1962, it was known as Dulaim.
People
All the inhabitants are Sunni Muslims from the Dulaim tribe.
Geography of Al Anbar
The Euphrates River flows diagonally from the north to the southeast, passing through six of the eight districts:
Anah district
Haditha district
Hīt district
Ramadi district
Fallujah district
Abu Ghraib district
Ar Rutba district forms the majority of the Governorate's area, occupying the large desert area in the southwest.
Weapons in Al Anbar
According to recent statistics, There are an estimated 20 million weapons in Al Anbar, opposed to an estimated population of 2 million, according to official reports, a ratio of ten firearms for every citizen.
It's traditional for Dulaim tribe members to keep weapons at home.
The arms included mortars, surface-to-air missiles, anti-tank shells, rocket-propelled grenades as well as large quantities of mines, explosives and ammunition.
Iraq War events in Al Anbar
The city of Fallujah is also in Anbar. The Iraqi resistance was widely considered to be stronger in this province than in any other in Iraq, and was the most hostile against American forces.
The Iraq war website casualties has reported that 1,842 Iraqi soldier and 2,220 US Soldier and 7,542 Mercenary were killed in action in Anbar province between the start of 2004 and the end of February 2006. Many of these died in and around Fallujah and Ramadi.
Anbar, with Ramadi and Haditha and Hīt and Al Qa'im and Fallujah and Haqlaniyah and Khaldiya in particular, is known for its inhabitants' strong tribal
and religious traditions. Allegedly, former President Saddam Hussein was constantly
wary of the volatile nature of the area. All the inhabitants of the province are Sunni Muslims from the Dulaim tribe.
The Washington Post reported on September 11, 2006 that, according to a recent U. S. Marine Corps secret report, "The prospects for securing that country's western Anbar province are dim and there's almost nothing the U.S. military can do there. Reporting that there are no functioning Iraqi government institutions in Anbar, leaving a vacuum that has been filled by the Resistance groups, which has become the province's most significant political force. Another person familiar with the report said it describes Anbar as beyond repair; a third said it concludes that the United States has been defeated in Anbar."
US air strikes have killed the son of one of the leaders of the Dulaim tribe, as a result the entire anbar residents join to Al Qaeda and the armed groups fighting the Americans forces from the husaiba to Ramadi.
According to local government, tribal resistance had yet to materialize and Islamist forces affiliated with the Shura Council (an umbrella organization represent a number of resistance factions) staged military parades in cities throughout Anbar province including Ramadi and Haqlaniyah and Fallujah.
In November another U.S. military report was filed, confirming the earlier warning that Anbar was falling under resistance control. The report stated that "the social and political situation has deteriorated to a point that U.S. and Iraqi troops are no longer capable of militarily defeating the insurgency in al-Anbar," and that "nearly all government institutions from the village to provincial levels have disintegrated or have been thoroughly corrupted and infiltrated by Al Qaeda in Iraq, or a smattering of other resistance groups." leaving the insurgency and al-Qaeda in Iraq as the "dominant organization of influence in al-Anbar," (External Link )
In late 2006 the United States changed strategies in Anbar, negotiating with tribal leaders. But Iraq Anbar Sheikhs refuse to negotiating with Americans commanders cause according to Iraqi traditions only Shakes hands with Leaders of the occupation and the Americans Bring shame to the tribe.
After five years of fighting the Americans, Anbar Sheikhs was completely Loyalty to the armed groups, until Al Qaeda started killing Innocents and tribal leaders and scholars, Al Qaeda Organization killed Sheikh Buzaigh Abu Risha leader of the Al-Bu Risha clan (one clan of Dulaim tribe).
Sheikh Sattar Abu Risha the son of Sheikh Buzaigh who killed by Al Qaeda, returned to Iraq asking for revenge, had decided to fighting Al Qaeda, Sheikh Sattar Abu Risha persuade Anbar Sheikhs to Stopped fighting the Iraqi government and American army and expel and fighting Al Qaeda.
Sheikh Sattar Abu Risha with 60 thousand man from his tribe, in 40 days expelled Al Qaeda from Anbar.
Sattar Abu Risha asked from American commanders to release the sunni arrestees and establishment sunni federalism in western Iraq led by him versus to fight Al Qaeda in Anbar and the American commanders in Iraq agreed.
After the Americans forces Stop attacking and bombing The Sunni Towns and cities included ramadi, A recent New York Times article describes Anbar as, "undergoing a surprising transformation. Violence is ebbing in many areas, shops and schools are reopening, police forces are growing." It continues, "Yet for all the indications of a heartening turnaround in Anbar, the situation, as it appeared during more than a week spent with American troops in Ramadi and Falluja in early April, is at best uneasy and fragile,", citing a lack of municipal services, weak local government, and failure to stop all the insurgent attacks. Still, "There are some people who would say we've won the war out here. I'm cautiously optimistic as we're going forward."
However, these challenges have been overcome as January 10th, 2008. Marine Major General Walter E. Gaskin has reported that the province is ready to be turned over to People of Anbar.
But until now the Americans have not established Sunni federalism in Iraq, and the Dulaim Sheikhs are angry because the American troops have not yet withdrawn from cities of Anbar and the American commanders have brought the Iraqi forces to Anbar (mostly Shiites, as most residents of Anbar, believes that most of the Iraqi army are members of various Shia militias.) and have not released the Sunni arrestees. and Sheikh Abu Risha and other anbar Sheikhs were assassinated. and In Baghdad and in Diyala and Babil provinces the Shiite militias cooperate with the Iraqi forces still kidnapping, arresting, and killing Sunnis and Dulaimi Sunnis in particular.
For that the Dulaim tribe members won't stand by and watch their people be killed by the Shiite death squads and the coming days perhaps witness fighting and clashes between the inhabitants of Anbar and Iraqi forces or American forces that are not welcome in Anbar.
Today the Anbar military forces Which Formed by Sheikh Abu Risha and Sheikhs, Control on Al-Anbar region.
Cities and The Population
According to statistics of the Ministry of Commerce in 1999, there about 1.5 million inhabitants in seven major cities in Al Anbar province. According to statistics in 2008 the population had increased to 2,665,000.
According to the former regime in 2003 just the city of Fallujah (600,000) and Ramadi (700,000) exceed 1.3 million people.
According to the election for the council governorate on January 30, 2005, The largely Sunni province is one of the most violent Against the occupation in Iraq and turnout was very low. Of the total population of some 2 million only 3775 voted.
According to UN statistics in 2003 the population of Al Anbar is 1,230,169. But the governor of Al Anbar Maamoon Sami Rasheed al-Alwani says "The UN statistics are incorrect and there no statistics included all cities and towns in Al Anbar".
According to the Iraqi government in 2008 The population in seven major cities in Al Anbar is 1,460,130.
Number of the population is unknown, and there are no precise statistics Include all of the cities and towns and villages and the people of Anbar.
just in the Abu Ghraib district eastern Al Anbar Between Baghdad and Fallujah There between 750,000 and 1.5 million inhabitants.
In the 1920, Baghdad province had 250,000 people and Dulaim province (Anbar) had also 250,000 people from 2 million people Are the Iraqi people at that time, today Baghdad province has 7 million people. and It is believed that the total population of Anbar, between 3 to 7 million people, there are no precise statistics because Anbar was dangerous area from the Sixties and the majority of the residents living on the riversides of the euphrates outside the cities and the towns, However it sure there between 750,000 and 1.5 million inhabitants in Abu Ghraib district and there between 1.9 million and 2.8 million inhabitants in the other districts of Al Anbar.
The most important cities
Ramadi (445 thousand)
Get more info on 'Al Anbar Governorate'.
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